Ozone Hole Shrinks to Fifth-Smallest Since 1992 Thanks to Global Action

The ozone hole over the Antarctic this year has been recorded as the fifth-smallest since 1992, a development scientists attribute to international efforts to phase out ozone-depleting chemicals.

Ozone, a protective form of oxygen found in a thin layer about 10 miles above the Earth, absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, shielding life on the planet. In the 1980s, scientists discovered alarming depletion of this layer due to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—chemicals commonly used in refrigerants and aerosol sprays that trigger reactions destroying ozone molecules.

Following the 1987 Montreal Protocol, nations committed to phasing out CFCs, with accelerated efforts beginning in 1992. While the ozone hole remains massive—currently about twice the size of the contiguous United States—NASA reports it is steadily shrinking and is projected to disappear by the end of the century.

Experts say the milestone underscores the effectiveness of coordinated global environmental action and highlights the importance of continued compliance with international agreements.